Brand Name: | ZMSH |
Model Number: | Sapphire Wafer |
MOQ: | 10piece |
Packaging Details: | Customized Package |
Payment Terms: | T/T |
4inch 6inch A Plane Sapphire Wafers Single Crystal for Optical
Description of Sapphire Wafers:
Sapphire wafers are single-crystal aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) substrates renowned for their exceptional hardness, thermal stability, chemical resistance, and optical transparency. As one of the most durable and stable crystalline materials available, sapphire serves as a critical substrate and protective material in advanced semiconductor, optoelectronic, and optical applications.With a wide optical transmission range extending from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) wavelengths (approximately 190 nm to 5 µm), sapphire wafers are ideal for LEDs, laser diodes, and optical components requiring both optical clarity and mechanical strength.Thanks to its mature fabrication technology, consistent crystal quality, and availability in multiple orientations—including C-plane (0001), A-plane (11̅20), R-plane (1̅102), and M-plane (10̅10)—sapphire has become the industry-standard substrate material for GaN-based semiconductors and high-performance optical systems.
Key Advantages of Sapphire Wafers:
High Hardness and Wear Resistance:
Sapphire is one of the hardest known materials, offering excellent scratch and abrasion resistance, which ensures long-lasting durability even under harsh operating conditions.
High Mechanical Strength:
With outstanding mechanical strength and structural integrity, sapphire is resistant to damage and easy to handle during precision processing and device integration.
High Melting Point:
Sapphire exhibits exceptional thermal stability, capable of withstanding extremely high temperatures, making it suitable for high-temperature environments and epitaxial growth processes.
Wide Spectral Transparency:
Sapphire provides excellent transparency across the visible to near-infrared spectrum, making it ideal for optical windows, lenses, and other precision optical components.
Superior Photonic Properties:
As an ideal substrate material for LEDs, laser diodes, and other optoelectronic devices, sapphire supports efficient photon transmission and stable light emission.
Chemical Stability:
Sapphire is insoluble in water and highly resistant to acids and alkalis (except hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, and molten potassium hydroxide), giving it excellent chemical inertness for use in corrosive or reactive environments.
Excellent Electrical Insulation:
With outstanding dielectric properties, sapphire serves as an ideal insulating material in applications requiring high electrical resistance and stability.
Specifications of ZMSH Sapphire Wafers and Related Product Recommendation:
Sapphire Wafer 12inch AL2O3 Customization DSP SSP for your reference
Specification of ZMSH Sapphire Wafers | ||||||
Property | 2 inch | 3inch | 4inch | 6inch | 8inch | 12 inch |
Diameter |
50.8 ± 0.1 mm | 76.2 ±0.1mm | 100 ±0.1mm | 150 ±0.1mm | 200 ± 0.1 mm | 300 ± 0.1 mm |
Thickness |
100 ± 15um; 430 ± 15 um, 500 ± 15um; |
100 ± 15um; 430 ± 15 um, 500 ± 15um; |
200 ± 15um; 500 ± 15 um, 650 ± 15um; |
350 ± 15um; 500 ± 15 um, 1000 ± 15um; |
700 ± 25 um 1600 ±25um or customized |
725 ± 25 um 1000 ±25um or customized |
Roughness |
Ra ≤ 0.2 nm | Ra ≤ 0.2nm | Ra ≤ 0.2nm | Ra ≤ 0.2nm | Ra ≤ 0.3nm | Ra ≤ 0.5nm |
Warp |
≤ 10um | ≤ 10um | ≤ 10um | ≤ 15um | ≤ 30um | ≤ 60um |
TTV |
≤ 3um | ≤ 10um | ≤ 10um | ≤ 10um | ≤ 10um | ≤ 10um |
Scratch/Dig. |
20/10 | 20/10 | 20/10 | 20/10 | 40/20 | 60/40 |
Polish | DSP (Double Side Polished); SSP(Single Side Polished) | |||||
Shape | Round, Flat 16mm OF length 22mm ; OF Length 30/32.5mm; OF Length47.5mm; NOTCH; | |||||
Edge Form | 45 °, C Shape | |||||
Material | Sapphire crystal | |||||
Remarks | All specifications above can be customized upon your request |
The Orientations and Applications of Sapphire Wafers:
The primary differences among sapphire wafers with different crystal orientations lie in their crystallographic alignment, which affects their optical, electronic, and physical properties—such as hardness, light transmittance, and piezoelectric response along specific directions. Common sapphire wafer orientations include C-plane ({0001}), A-plane ({11-20}), M-plane ({1-100}), and R-plane ({1-102}), each offering unique advantages for various applications such as lasers, LEDs, radio-frequency (RF) devices, and electronic components.
Orientation | Applications | Features and Advantages |
C Plane({0001}) | Substrates for Lasers, LEDs, and Integrated Circuits | The C-plane is one of the smoothest surfaces of sapphire crystals, offering excellent uniformity and optical properties. It is commonly used as a substrate for the preparation and epitaxial growth of materials such as gallium nitride (GaN). |
A Plane({11-20}) | RF Devices, MEMS Components, and Optical Windows | The A-plane has optical and electrical properties distinct from those of the C-plane and is commonly used in the manufacturing of RF devices and MEMS components due to its excellent directional transparency in specific crystallographic orientations. |
M Plane ({1-100}) | Certain Microelectronic Devices and Sensors | The M-plane features a unique crystal structure and electrical properties, making it suitable for the fabrication of specific sensors and microelectronic devices. |
R Plane({1-102}) | Optical Components and Microwave Devices | The R-plane possesses optical and electrical properties that differ from those of the C-plane, A-plane, and M-plane, and is used in the manufacturing of specialized optical components and microwave devices. |
Q&A:
Q: What are sapphire wafers used for?
A: Sapphire wafers are used wherever optical transparency, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical resistance are essential — making them indispensable in LEDs, lasers, semiconductors, RF devices, optical systems, aerospace equipment, and advanced electronics.
Q: What is the crystal orientation of a sapphire?
A: Sapphire is single-crystal aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃).It has a hexagonal (trigonal) crystal structure, belonging to the rhombohedral system, space group R-3c. Sapphire (α-Al₂O₃) is a hexagonal single crystal most commonly oriented as C-plane (0001) for optical and epitaxial applications, but A-plane, R-plane, and M-plane cuts are also used depending on the desired optical, mechanical, or lattice-matching properties.
Q: Is a sapphire wafer transparent?
A: Sapphire wafers are transparent from ~170 nm (UV) to ~5 µm (IR),offering excellent optical clarity, high hardness, and chemical durability. With AR coatings, transparency exceeds 98%, making them ideal for optical and electronic applications where clarity and durability are both required.